[From Manx Soc vol 2, Kelly's Manx Grammar]
Some Adverbs are expressed in one word, as nish, now, eisht, then; some consist of a preposition and a noun, as dy-mie, well, er-y-gherrit, lately; and all nouns adjective may be made adverbs by prefixing the articles dy and er--as er-cooyl, behind, er-chea, in flight, dy olk, ill, dy bieau, quickly, &c., &c. Also, when the particle er is put before substantives it sometimes answers the English word for, as er-phing, for a penny; and sometimes changes them into adverbs, as er-aggle, lest, er-niart, forcibly. Adverbs are of several sorts.
1.--ADVERBS OF TIME.
Nish, now. |
Kinjagh, always. |
Chelleeragh, immediately, presently. |
Dy bragh, for ever. |
Er-y-chooyl, in a moment, directly. |
Mennick, often. |
An-vennick, seldom. |
Jiu, to-day. |
Jus nish, bye-and-bye, just now. |
Jea, yesterday. |
Roish, before. |
Arroo-y-jea, or cha row eh jea, the day before yesterday. |
Er-y-gherrit, lately. |
Vaidjyn, a while ago |
Noght, to-night. |
Tammylt, a while. |
Riyr, last night. |
Er-dy-henney, since. |
Arroo-y-riyr, or cha row eh riyr, the night before last night. |
Lurg, after. |
Lurg shoh, hereafter. |
Moghrey jea, yesterday morn. |
Jeih shoh, henceforth. |
Mairagh, to-morrow. |
Veih shoh, hence. |
Nuyr, the day after to-morrow. |
Roïe, before, or formerly. |
Cuin, when. |
Foddey, far. |
Keayrt elley, another time. |
Foddey er-dy-henney, long since, anciently. |
Dy beayn, perpetually. |
Ayns-polt, in a second, instant. |
Dy bragh, eternally. |
Dy bragh as dy bragh, for ever and ever. |
Dagh-laa, daily. |
Choud, while. |
Nish as reesht, now and then. |
Cre choud, how long. |
Eisht, then. |
'Sy traa t'ayn, in the meanwhile. |
Er-dy, since. |
Foast, yet. |
Er-giyn, after |
Anmagh, late. |
Erreish, after |
Ro-anmagh, too late. |
Keayrt dy row, once upon a time. |
Dy-traa, betimes. |
Keayrt ny ghaa, many a time. |
Moghey, early. |
Tra, when. |
Leah, early, soon. |
Arragh, any more. |
Ro-voghey, too early. |
Rieau, ever. (Past.) |
Ro-leah, too soon. |
Rieau er-dy-henney, ever since. |
Reesht, again. |
Fy-yerrey, at last. |
Ass-y-noa, again, of a new. |
Choiee, never. |
2.-- ADVERBS OF PLACE.
Shoh, here. |
Seose, up. |
Shen, there. |
Erskyn, above, over. |
Shid, yonder. |
Heese, below. |
Va shid! lo yonder! |
Sheese, down. |
Myr shoh, this way. |
Neese, from below. |
Cheu-sthie, within. |
Harrish, over. |
Cheu-mooie, without. |
Harrish y road, opposite, over, against. |
C'raad, where. |
Fo, under. |
Neose seose, up and down. |
Roish, before. |
Raad ennagh, somewhere. |
Cheu chooyl, or cooyl, behind. |
Ooilley mygeayrt, round about. |
Er-cooyl, or er-gooyl, behind, last. |
Runt snygeayrt, round about. |
Cheu-wass, or veealloo, before. |
Heose, up, above. |
Cre-voish, or veih, from whence. |
Neose, down. |
Veih shoh, from hence. |
Veih shid, from thence. |
Neealloo, towards the surface or face--as Myr urley neealloo yn aer, as an eagle towards heaven. |
Faggys, er-garrey, near, hard by. |
Foddey, far. |
Veih foddey, from far. |
Foddey jeh, far off. |
Er-jerrey, behind. |
Mooie, without, and magh. |
Lurg, after. |
Sthie, within, and stiagh. |
3.--ADVERBS OF QUANTITY.
Cre-woad, how much, how many. |
Cre wheesh, how much. |
Dy-liooar, enough. |
Ro, too much (used in composition) |
Rour, too much, too many. |
Faggys, almost. |
Lane, much, many, a great deal, plenty. |
Feer faggys, very near. |
Ymmodee, much, many, a great deal, plenty. |
Dy peeshyn, by pieces. |
Palchey, much, many, a great deal, plenty. |
Dy slane, wholly, entirely. |
Ny smoo, more. |
Whilleen, so many. |
Ny sloo, less. |
Shisnsney, many. |
Beggan, little. |
S'coan, scarce. |
Beggan beg, very little. |
Bunnys, almost. |
Wheesh, so much. |
Monney, much. |
4.--ADVERBS OF NUMBER.
Whilleen keayrt, so many times. |
Cre-woad keayrt, how many times. |
Un cheayrt, once, daa cheayrt, &c. |
Keayrt ny ghaa, many times. |
Shimmey keayrt, many a time. |
5.--ADVERBS OF ORDER.
Hoshiaght, first. |
Ayns ordyr, in order. |
Reesht, again. |
Ayns fockle, in a word. |
'Sy nah ynnyd, secondly. |
Lhiattee ry lhiattee, side by side. |
Erskyn ooilley, above all. |
Cooidjagh, together. |
Lurg ooilley, after all. |
Lurg y cheilley, one after another |
Ooilley dy lieragh, altogether, in order. |
Ry cheilley, to one another. |
Dy cheilley, together. |
6.--ADVERBS OF AFFIRMATION.
Ta, yes, aye. |
Myr shen, so, thus. |
Lioar ta, yes indeed (by the book it is). |
Myr shen dy row, amen, so be it. |
Dy jarroo, indeed. |
Dy shickyr, indeed, surely. |
Gyss-dooyt, undoubtedly. |
Dy feer, in truth. |
She, yes. |
7.--ADVERBS OF NEGATION, OR DENIAL.
Ny, not, nor. |
Cha, not. |
Nagh, not, nor. |
S'cummey, no matter. |
Nar, not, nor. |
8.--ADVERBS OF DOUBT.
Foddee, perhaps. |
Foast, yet, nevertheless. |
Foddee y ve, it may be. |
Ny-yeih, yet, nevertheless, however. |
Feer filly, very likely. |
Er-aggle, lest. |
Agh, but. |
Trooid taghyrt, accidentally. |
My ta, though, however. |
9.--ADVERBS OF INTERROGATION.
An, whether. |
Cre veih, whence. |
Cre'n-fa, why, wherefore. |
Kys, how. |
Cre'n-fa nagh, why not. |
Cre'n oyr, wherefore. |
Quoi, who. |
Cre-theihll, what in the world, whatsoever. |
Cre, what. |
Cre'd, for cre red, what. |
Cre woad, how many. |
Cammah, why. |
Cre-woad share, what better. |
Caid, how long. |
C'raad, where. |
Cre choud, how far. |
10.--ADVERBS TO GIVE REASON.
Er-y-fa, er-yn-oyr, er-y-choontey, son-y-fa, shen-y-fa, because |
11--ADVERBS OF COMPARISON.
Myr, as, like. |
Smoo, more. |
Myr shoh, thus. |
Sloo, less. |
Myrgeddin, likewise, |
Na, than. |
Myrchaagh, in like manner. |
Ass-towse, exceedingly. |
Cha, equally--as cha mie rishyn, as good as he. |
12.--ADVERBS OF SHEWING.
Cur-my-ner! behold! |
Va shid! or vaik shid! see yonder! |
Jeeagh! lo! |
Va shoh! see here! |
13.--ADVERBS OF CONFUSION.
Bun-ry-skyn, topsy-survey. |
Fud-y-cheilley, in confusion. |
Er mooin-y-cheilley, pell-mell. |
Er-shaghryn, astray. |
14.--ADVERBS OF SEPARATION.
Veih-my-cheilley, asunder. |
Er-sooyl, away. |
Ry-lhiattee, aside. |
15.--ADVERBS OF QUALITY.
Adverbs of quality are made of adjectives and participles, by putting the preposition dy, of, before them in apposition, as--
Dy mie, well. |
Dy olk, badly. |
Dy creeney, wisely. |
Dy liastey, idly. |
Dy bwaagh, prettily. |
Dy mitchooragh, roguishly. |
And the like.
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Any comments, errors or omissions
gratefully received The
Editor |