Hi again Diane,
I know you were looking for information that would lead you back to the Isle of Man, so the majority of what new information you have is "icing on the cake".
[Sue, FYI, the Frederick "D." Caley in the 1880 census is no doubt a mistranscription of Frederick "P."] Could be read either way.
However, the best advice for anyone looking to "cross the ocean" is to find all you can about the family in the country of immigration, lest you be adrift on the ocean in a leaky boat without any oars (SO SORRY for the very bad metaphor, but it is apt!)
So, there are still things to be discovered about this family in the United States:
1. Death cert for Fred P. in 1894 (Summit County deaths on FHL film 0900949, index to deaths 0900948)
2, Marriage cert for Fred P. in 1871 (FHL film 0900964)
3. Obituaries for, especially, Frederick P., Clara, and Fred H. (Contact the public libraries in the towns where they lived, or in Akron)
4. 1850 census for Fred P. (or maybe Patrick). I have pretty thoroughly researched the Manx families in Cuyahoga County who were present for the 1850 census, and while there were several Caley families, I don't think Fred P. was there. I will investigate again, whether any of his siblings were, however.
5. 1860 census for Fred P.
6. Church records for Fred P. He could well have joined/attended a church when he first immigrated. It would most likely be Episcopal, Church of England, possibly Methodist
All of that said, Sue's suggestion about Patrick, son of John Caley and Isabel Corkill of Maughold is a good one, as the baptism is so close to the birthdate you have. To attempt to verify this, Sue has identified Isabel in the 1841 census. There is a Patrick Caley, servant, listed elsewhere in Maughold who could be John and Isabel's son. Now you need to check for Patrick Caley's siblings, especially to see if they, or Patrick, were present in 1851 (since you know Fred P. was gone by then)
Another check would be to look for an IOM will which names F. P. Caley "in Ohio" or some such. That would be, especially, a will for his parents, siblings, etc. (At first glance at the indexes, I don't see anything that jumps out at me)
Good luck!
Lois